Come Hell or High Water
There will always be a reason to celebrate life. “Come Hell or High Water” is published by Warren "Storyteller" Brown in ILLUMINATION.
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IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON OUR LIVES
Air pollution makes our Earth more harmful and dangerous. It keeps on getting worse year by year. COVID-19 virus makes the mutinous pollution under control. This article shows the analysis on Impact of Air pollution during Pre-Corona and the Post-Corona periods in India.
I analysed the Data into two fragments:
From Data available at different sources and by extrapolating the current shift during the lockdown & changes post corona, analysing different factors which affect this trend and ultimate reflection and impact of this on our lives.
There are different types of air pollutants which are harmful to both human beings and the environment. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, Oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen, Ammonia are some of the harmful air pollutants. Here is the visualization of different air pollutant’s rate before coronavirus happened.
Diesel exhaust from vehicles is a major contributor to PM pollution. Some PM particles, such as dust or smoke are large or dark to be seen with the naked eye. But the most damaging particles are the smaller particles, known as PM2.5 and PM10.
PM2.5 is the fine inhalable particles, with diameters of 2.5 micrometres and smaller.
PM10 is the inhalable particles, with diameters of 10 micrometres and smaller.
Power plants and motor vehicles create this pollutant by burning sulphur-containing fuels, especially diesel. Sulphur dioxide can react in the atmosphere to form fine particles and poses the largest health risk to young children and asthmatics.
Oxides of Nitrogen cause lung irritation and weaken the body’s defence against respiratory infections such as pneumonia and influenza. In addition, they assist in the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter.
Chemical ammonia (NH3) is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen which is a by-product of agriculture and industry.
The highly poisonous gas is formed by the combustion of fossil fuels such as petrol, diesel in cars and trucks. CO blocks oxygen from the brain, heart, and other vital organs. Foetuses, new-born children, and people with chronic illnesses are especially susceptible to the effects of CO.
It is produced when two primary pollutants react in sunlight and stagnant air. These two primary pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Ozone (O3) is highly irritating gas which is the main reason for air pollution deaths.
PM2.5, PM10, and O3 pollutants cause serious health issues. The Particulate Matter cannot be seen in naked eyes, which is the major death-causing pollutant in India. Death causing pollutant levels increased significantly over the years. The below chart of death-causing pollutants shows a steep decrease in the year 2020.
The death rate (per 100,000 people) in India due to outdoor particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and Ozone (O3)has been constant from 2016 to 2020.
The thermal power industries, heat producers and other energy industries burn fossil fuel such as coal to generate power. This combustion of coal/fossil fuel release Carbon Dioxide (CO2) which is the major pollutant for the cause of global warming.
The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These carbon emissions raise global temperatures by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere.
CO2 emission in India has been increasing year by year. Emissions growth in India was moderate in 2019, with CO2 emissions from the power sector declining slightly as electricity demand was broadly stable and strong renewables growth prompted coal-fired electricity generation to fall for the first time since 1973.
I used IBM SPSS Modeler to extrapolate the current lockdown shift until the year 2023 to predict the air pollutant levels in India.
Due to the Government guidelines on Coronavirus pandemic, we have been forced to stay indoors from mid of March. No vehicles on road, No industries running full-time. This definitely made some changes in the Air Quality Index of India.
Here I have taken the air pollutant’s level from March 2020 to May 2020 (Full Lockdown Period). Extrapolating this data till 2023, we have got the answer to the question “What if this lockdown period persist till 2023?”
Extrapolating the current lockdown shift till 2023, the PM level in India will probably maintain between 700 to 800 ug/m3 (per-day).
Extrapolating the current lockdown shift till 2023, the SO2 level in India will probably maintain between 200 to 250 ug/m3 (per-day).
Extrapolating the current lockdown shift till 2023, the NO and NO2 level in India will probably maintain between 200 to 300 ug/m3 (per-day).
Extrapolating the current lockdown shift till 2023, the O3 level in India will probably maintain between 600 to 650 ug/m3 (per-day).
During the Coronavirus pandemic period, the graphs show the levels of all the pollutants present in the air are very low. The lockdown made people stay indoors. No vehicles on the road and No industries are running full-time. The emission of CO2 in India reduced significantly, for the first time in 4 decades. Extrapolating the current lockdown shift till 2023, the prediction shows that the air pollutant level will maintain at 50% less as what it had been in the pre-coronavirus period. When the air pollutant levels reduce dramatically, the impacts which are caused by air pollution in our lives will also reduce.
This pandemic period will surely end someday and soon this lockdown will end. This means that the probability of our prediction happening is low. In India, the government and people are taking many effective steps to reduce the level of air pollution. One of which is known as “Carpooling”, a group of people who travel together to work or school in a car. Having fewer cars on the road means reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and improved air quality. Although if lockdown is released we people are advised to main social distancing for the next 2 years. So in order to maintain social distancing, not many people can travel together (includes usage of public transports), which will automatically increase the number of vehicles on the road. So the changes post-corona with respect to air pollution seem bad. Once this lockdown is over we need to make sure that we prioritize our work, so that we don’t use our vehicles frequently.
Reference:
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